Friday 17 April 2015

EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGY FOR 2020


Europe 2020 is a 10-year strategy proposed by the European Commission on 3 March 2010 for advancement of the economy of the European Union.  It follows the Lisbon Strategy for the period 2000–2010.

Exit from the Crisis: First Steps Toward 2020
-Reform of the financial system
-Smart budgetary consolidation for long-term growth
- Greater coordination within the economic and monetary union

The 5 main targets that should happen:
-Improve the employment rate of population witting 20-64 aged, current 69% to at least 75%.
- 3 percent of the EU’s GDP should be invested in R&D
 -Reduce greenhouse gas emissions at least 20%-30% and increase the share of renewable energy.
-Reduce the percent of early school leavers (dropouts) under 10% and 40% of population witting 30-34 should have a degree or diploma.
-Reduce the number of Europeans living below poverty lines by 25%, and getting at least 20 million people out of poverty.

7 flagship initiatives:
-Innovation union
-Youth on the move
-A digital agenda for Europe
-Resource-efficient Europe
-An industrial policy for the globalization era (An industrial policy for green growth)
-An agenda for new skills and jobs
-European platform against poverty

The 20% target for renewable energy includes all energy use - electricity, heating & cooling and transport. The renewable energy use in transport has been separate in a 10% target.



Comparison of National Renewable Energy Targets with overall EU-27 target and national RES shares in March, 2014

The largest contribution of renewable energy will be made by heating and cooling (46%), electricity (41%). Transport is estimated to contribute at least 13%.

SECTORAL ANALYSIS

Wind

Wind plays the dominant role in increasing the level of intermittent power generation by 2020.

ALL WIND POWER:
2005 (NREAPs): 70.4TWh
2010 (NREAPs): 164.6TWh
2020 (NREAPs): 494.6TWh

Wind dominates, in capacity terms compared to all RES technologies, with a highest annual capacity of around 11.5GW between 2010 and 2015 and around 14GW between 2015 and 2020. Wind is expected to be almost 500TWh by 2020.


The leading installers of offshore wind are France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK, each installing more than 500MW per year. France is planning to increase around 700MW per year in 2015-2020, Germany to 1,400MW per year, the Netherlands to 800MW per year, Spain to around 600MW per year and the UK to 1,500MW per year.

Hydro

The level of ambition for hydro in the NREAPs is disappointing. The increase of hydropower in the national plans is relatively limited compared to other RESE technologies.

Production growth:
2005 (NREAPs): 346.6TWh
2010 (NREAPs): 345.7TWh
2020 (NREAPs): 370.1TWh

Given the fact that hydropower can play a crucial role in providing rapid power to intermittent renewable, the ambitions foreseen in the NREAPs are disappointing. The increase of the production of hydropower is just 7%. It is expected to be quite better by 2020.

Solar

Solar power is a high cost form of RES-Electricity.

Production growth:
2005 (NREAPs): 1.5TWh (all PV)
2010 (NREAPs): 21.3TWh (of which 20.12TWh PV, 1.15TWh CSP)
2020 (NREAPs): 103.3TWh (of which 83.38TWh PV, 19.96 TWh CSP)
PV = Photovoltaic
CSP = Concentrated solar power


In terms of capacity growth, the NREAPs require the already steep deployment growth from 2005-2008 of 2.6GW to be extended to an average of over 6.5GW from 2010 to 2020. A small amount of this growth is from concentrating solar power, but the majority is from solar photovoltaic. The solar power would be established where the cost of production is lowest.


Deployment of solar 2000-2020 in Europe.

For example, in countries such as Spain, Germany, France and Italy the PV growth acceleration has recently raised government concerns with respect to the consequent increase of the total support costs which often represent a disproportionate share of total RES-Electricity support costs compared to the share of solar power in total RES-Electricity production.

Biomass

Electricity from biomass needs to be trebled from 2005 level to 2020. The bioenergy sector in general will require a doubling of the primary biomass; it demands major expansion of EU biomass production. Solid biomasses are necessary to facilitate the growth of biomass in the electricity and heat sectors.

Production growth:
2005 (NREAPs): 67.2TWh
2010 (NREAPs): 114.3TWh
2020 (NREAPs): 231.9TWh


Biomass has three applications in the context of the NREAPs: it can be used to produce both electricity and heating as well as to produce biofuels for transport.


Biomass electricity production capacity in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020


Europe 2020 strategy would prepare EU economy for the next decade. Green energy for all!


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